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Hurricanes

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There are three different names of tropical cyclones around the world.  There are hurricanes, typhoons, and cyclones.
 
There are also some main ingredients for these tropical storms just like thunderstorms.  They need warm waters about 150 ft deep, which is the most important key ingredient, a cool moist atmosphere, a minimum distance of 300 miles from the equator, a surface disturbance, and low values of vertical winds.
 
Some of these disturbances may include:  Easterly Waves, West Africa Disturbance Line (WADL), Tropical Upper Troposphere Trough (TUTT), or Old Frontal Boundary.

STRUCTURE
 
The eye is the center of the hurricane.  This is generally very calm with winds of 15 mph and 20-40 miles across.  The wider the eye is the less intense the hurricane is and vice versa.  A lot of times birds get caught in the eye from sea.  They just circle the eye till it's over and they can land somewhere.
 
The eyewall contains a large ring of strong thunderstorms.  The eye or eyewall can change and with it comes changes in wind speed which indicates the storm's intensity.
 
Rainbands are bands of thunderstorms that extend out from the center of the hurricane in a spiral form.  These thunderstorms are just like the ones seen on land.  They can produce very heavy rain and tornadoes; however, there are usually gaps in the rainbands where there may be no rainfall at all.
 

NAMES
 
Naming tropical storms and cyclones is actually very easy.  There is a list for all the oceans and seas that have these storms and there names that they are ready to use.  When there is a storm they pick out the next name and they just continue down the list.
 
 

CLASSIFICATION

Category
Wind Speed
Water
5
>155 mph
>135 kts
>249 kph
Catastrophic Hurricane
>18 ft. above normal
4
131-155 mph
114-135 kts
210-249 kph
Extreme Hurricane
13-18 ft. above normal
3
111-130 mph
96-113 kts
178-209 kph
Extensive Hurricane
9-12 ft. above normal
2
96-110 mph
83-95 kts
154-177 kph
Moderate Hurricane
6-8 ft. above normal
1

74-95 mph
64-82 kts
119-153 kph
Minimal Hurricane

4-5 ft. above normal

The most devastating hurricane in history to date is Hurricane Katrina of 2005.  It started out slow as a category-1 just below Miami, Florida.  It began intensifing shortly after reaching the Gulf of Mexico.  Between August 26 and 28 Katrina increased to a category-5.  It weakened to a category-3 before hitting the Louisiana coastline.  Overall it cost approximately $40 billion and 1,800 deaths.
 
McTaggart-Cowan, Ron. "Hurricane Katrina (2005)." Monthly Weather Review (2007): 1-2.